00:22:28 Cliff Ho (Sen. Heinrich): FYI, we are seeing your notes slides. You may wish to switch displays. 00:31:42 Tom Solomon: Stanford Professor Mark Z. Jacobson uses the 3-D global weather-climate-air pollution model GATOR-GCMOM to design an optimum mix of solar, wind, storage, geothermal, wave, etc for a 100% renewables solution that serves load conditions for all geographies and all weather conditions. How does your methodology compare to what he has published? 00:32:25 Glenn Wikle: Personally, I have not seen that but I will look at it. 00:33:12 RJ McIntosh: Agree with comment. GATOR GCMOM is great especially since our team is in design build for a 50MW Geothermal plant locally. 00:33:42 Tom Solomon: Jacobson's web site https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/ 00:34:41 Tom Solomon: Jacobson's paper with 100% WWS solutions for 145 countries. https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/WWS-145-Countries.html 00:38:35 Thomas Conroy: I thought that Jacobsen's solution sets (like others who reached the same conclusions) assume the buildout of very large intercontinental HVDC transmission networks? Without that, it isn't clear how the U.S.-wide solution would apply to individual states? 00:41:10 Tom Solomon: Jacobson's paper analyzing solutions for all US States. https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/21-USStates-PDFs/21-USStatesPaper.pdf 00:45:54 RJ McIntosh: Excellent, thank you 00:49:01 Robbie Shaw: Is this graph just for 4-hour storage? 00:49:31 Robbie Shaw: I don’t see how you can cycle a 70-hour battery in 6 -hours 00:50:28 Cliff Ho (Sen. Heinrich): Why does the marginal value of long-duration storage vs. short-duration energy storage flip at 550 MW? 00:54:29 Cliff Ho (Sen. Heinrich): Can you model the projected energy loads vs. energy supplies on an hourly (or more frequent) basis to determine the state-of-charge and operation of the battery systems? Battery systems would be charged when there is a surplus of energy generation that would otherwise be curtailed. Not sure why you need to have a pre-defined energy storage operational strategy. 00:59:11 Fengyu Wang: Because with long duration storage, the need for storage gets saturated faster and the marginal value of long duration decreases faster than shorter duration storage 01:00:19 Cliff Ho (Sen. Heinrich): Will NMSU's and Sandia's slides be shared with attendees? 01:00:23 Fengyu Wang: For example, you can use 400 MW 70 hours ES to achieve the same total benefit with 700 MW 8 hours energy storage 01:00:40 Fengyu Wang: Sure, I will share. Thanks. 01:01:51 Margie Tatro (Gridworks): Slides will be posted on the Gridworks.org website under the PNM IRP page..... https://gridworks.org/initiatives/new-mexico-energy-planning/ 01:01:55 Fengyu Wang: Cycling 70 hours battery in 6 hours is not fully cycling all its SOC but forcing it to arbitrage given a condition 01:06:33 Glenn Wikle: Re: storage operational strategies. Examples of different strategies would be to a) maximize SOC at all times (for example to provide emergency reserves) b) arbitrage to use the cheapest energy for charging and discharge when energy is most expensive; or c) use renewables forecasting to switch to something like a reserve mode when future scarcity is predicted by the forecast. 01:07:45 Glenn Wikle: Storage could also be on the hook to provide frequency regulation at certain times but reserves at other times 01:10:44 Glenn Wikle: Another strategy is contract driven: I saw PNM had a contract that limited the number of cycles per year for Li-Ion storage 01:12:31 Robbie Shaw: When considering Natural Gas - H2 conversion, is the assumption that H2 is green hydrogen? If so, are the additional solar and wind builds required to general H2 fuel modeled? 01:12:39 Robbie Shaw: Generate green H2 fuel * 01:13:48 Athena Christodoulou: And if new gas is added is the carbon from upstream emissions included toward the overall emmisions? 01:14:04 Robbie Shaw: I would expect that there would be significantly more solar and wind resource builds in the H2 conversion case in order to generate green hydrogen fuel, but the chart in slide 9 is showing the opposite 01:14:10 Glenn Wikle: The hydrogen question would be best answered by PNM. I think the ETA limits them to green hydrogen. I _thought_ they had modeled the cost of hydrogen as a fuel. I also thought they modeled storage with green hydrogen 01:16:31 Robbie Shaw: Even if the cost of hydrogen is modeled as a fuel, capacity expansion models need to consider where the green hydrogen is sourced. Even if green hydrogen is modeled as having a cost of $xx / MMBtu, the models need to consider the renewable resource builds required to generate the green hydrogen from electrolyzers 01:17:17 Glenn Wikle: Yeah. I feel that is a form of building out energy transmission 01:17:28 Athena Christodoulou: With absolutely no room for Blue Hydrogen as a "bridge!" 01:19:05 Athena Christodoulou: And consider an accelerated decarb